Transponders solve both of these problems. ![]() If left to primary radar alone, a controller would not know whether two converging aircraft are at the same height and in danger of collision, or if they are separated by thousands of feet vertically and perfectly safe. But the radar provides no way to tell two aircraft apart from one another, and it gives no way of telling what altitude those planes are flying. Meggar Transponderīy watching the primary return on the radar scope move, a controller can gauge how fast it is moving and in what direction. ![]() These are objects that are not necessarily identified, and they could be any solid object. It then presents a blip on the controller’s radar screen, which is known as a primary return. Since the beam is directional, it can figure out the bearing to an object and its distance from the radar station. The transmission tower is capable of “listening” for radio waves that are bounced off of solid objects and returned to the station. Like all radar systems, the controller’s radar sends out a beam of electromagnetic energy in a specific direction. ![]() ![]() To understand the importance of transponders and how they work, first, one should know a little about air traffic control radar. The results appear on the controller’s radar screens. Once a setting is made on the transponder, there is no visible result inside the cockpit.
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